Device for and method of connecting two items together

ABSTRACT

A device includes first and second inter-engageable parts, each having a longitudinal axis and a connecting face extending substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis. The first part has an engagement formation extending substantially axially and the second part has a receiving formation extending substantially axially, and in which the engagement formation is receivable. The engagement and receiving formations each includes a substantially helicoidal surface extending at least partially around the longitudinal axis of the respective part of the connector, so that rotation of the parts relative to one another about the longitudinal axes, when the parts are substantially co-axially aligned, so that the connecting faces of the parts face one another in a substantially axial direction, causes engagement of the engagement formation with the corresponding receiving formation.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/818,673, filed Aug. 26, 2016, which is a National Phase ofInternational Application No. PCT/GB2011/051617, filed Feb. 25, 2013,which claims priority to UK Application No. GB 1014263.6, filed Aug. 26,2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a device which may be used, and hereinafter isdescribed principally in relation to its use, as a connector. However,it will be understood that the device may be used for other purposes, anumber of which will be referred to below.

It is known to connect items together by means of connectors orfasteners. Fasteners and connectors including threaded portions areknown, for example screws, and screw caps.

A screw includes a body and a generally helicoidal projection whichextends radially outwardly of the body, along a length of the body. Ascrew cap also includes a generally helicoidal projection having a firstend and a second end, and which extends generally radially inwardly ofthe cap. The helicoidal projection of the cap is engageable with acorresponding projection which extends generally radially outwardly froma neck of a bottle (or other item). The helix of the neck of the bottlealso has a first end and a second end.

In use, the second end of the helicoidal projection of the cap ispositioned adjacent the first end of the helicoidal projection of theneck of the bottle. Relative rotation of the screw cap relative to theneck, about a generally central longitudinal axis, causesinter-engagement of the helicoidal projections. As the cap and the neckare rotated relative to one another, the length of each helicoidalprojection which is engaged with the other helicoidal projectionincreases, until a first end of the helical projection of the cap isadjacent the first end of the helicoidal projection on the neck, and thesecond end of the helical projection of the cap is adjacent the secondend of the helicoidal projection of the neck. An in use upper surface ofthe helicoidal projection of the cap abuts an in use lower surface ofthe helicoidal projection of the neck. Inter-engagement of the helicalprojections inhibits linear movement of the cap relative to the neck ina direction which is parallel to the longitudinal axis.

A disadvantage of known threaded connections is that it is necessary formultiple relative revolutions of the two parts to be carried out inorder to achieve a satisfactory connection which inhibits or preventslinear movement in the direction of the central, longitudinal axis.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a deviceincluding a first part and a second part which are inter-engageable withone another, the first part having a first longitudinal axis and aconnecting face which extends substantially transversely to the firstlongitudinal axis and includes an engagement formation which extendssubstantially axially, and the second part having a second longitudinalaxis and a connecting face which extends substantially transversely tothe second longitudinal axis and includes a receiving formation whichextends substantially axially and in which the engagement formation ofthe first part is receivable, wherein each of the engagement formationand the receiving formation includes a substantially helicoidal surfacewhich extends at least partially around the longitudinal axis of therespective part of the device, such that rotation of the two partsrelative to one another about the longitudinal axes, when the two partsare substantially co-axially aligned, such that the connecting faces ofthe two parts face one another in a substantially axial direction,causes engagement of the engagement formation of the first part with thecorresponding receiving formation of the second part.

An advantage of this invention is that each part of the device may beshallow, and a large surface area of each part may be brought intoengagement with the other part of the device quickly and easily,compared with the amount of time and effort required to achieve asimilar degree of engagement with a known connector/fastener, forexample a screw.

The engagement forces are distributed over relatively large surfaceareas relatively quickly. Thus, such a device is considered to have a“mechanical advantage” compared with known connectors/fasteners.

The device provides efficient load distribution and a secure connection,in view of the frictional engagement of a large proportion of thesurface area of one part of the device with the other part of theconnector.

According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a methodof connecting items together, including providing a first part of adevice on a first item and a second part of the device on a second item,the first part of the device including a longitudinal axis, and aconnecting face which extends substantially transversely to thelongitudinal axis and has an engagement formation which extendssubstantially axially, and the second part including a longitudinal axisand a connecting face which extends in substantially transversely to thelongitudinal axis of the second part, and has a receiving formationwhich extends substantially axially, and in which the engagementformation of the first part is receivable, wherein each of theengagement formation and the receiving formation includes asubstantially helicoidal surface which extends at least partially aroundthe longitudinal axis of the respective part, the method furtherincluding substantially aligning the longitudinal axes of the two partsof the device, such that the connecting faces of the two parts of thedevice face one another substantially axially, and rotating the twoparts of the device relative to one another about the longitudinal axes,such that the engagement formation of the first part is received in thereceiving formation of the second part.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the invention will now be described, with reference tothe accompanying drawings, of which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a device inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the device of FIGS. 1 and 2,and with two parts of the device inter-engaged;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one engagement formation of a part ofthe device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a device inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of two parts of the device of FIG. 5,connected together;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of a device inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the device of FIGS. 8 and 9, withtwo parts of the device connected together;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a device inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of two parts of the device of FIGS. 11and 12 connected together;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a device including electricalconnections;

FIG. 15 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 14; and

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of two parts of a device including aconnector having electrical connections;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of a device inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a plan view of the device shown in FIG. 17;

FIGS. 19a and 19b are cross sectional views of the device of FIG. 17,with two parts of the device connected together;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of a device inaccordance with the present invention, the device including a separatelocking member;

FIG. 21 is a plan view of each part of the device of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the parts of the device connectedtogether, with the locking device in place;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a seventh embodiment of the device ofthe present invention;

FIG. 24 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 23;

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of two parts of the device connectedtogether;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of an eighth embodiment of the device ofthe present invention;

FIG. 27 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of two parts of the device connectedtogether;

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a ninth embodiment of the device of thepresent invention;

FIG. 30 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 29;

FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of two parts of the device connectedtogether;

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of an tenth embodiment of the device ofthe present invention;

FIG. 33 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 32;

FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view of two parts of the device connectedtogether;

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of an eleventh embodiment of the device ofthe present invention;

FIG. 36 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 35;

FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view of two parts of the device connectedtogether;

FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a twelfth embodiment of the device ofthe present invention;

FIG. 39 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 38;

FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view of two parts of the device connectedtogether;

FIG. 41 is a perspective view of a thirteenth embodiment of the deviceof the present invention;

FIG. 42 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 41; and

FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view of two parts of the device connectedtogether;

FIG. 44 is a perspective view of a fourteenth embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 45 Is a perspective view of a fifteenth embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 46 is a perspective view of a sixteenth embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 47 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 46;

FIG. 48 is a perspective view of a seventeenth embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 49 is a perspective view of an eighteenth embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 50 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 49.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a first embodiment of the invention.A connector 10 includes a first part 12 and a second part 12′. In thisembodiment of the invention, the first part and the second part areidentical to one another. The first part 12 and the second part 12′ eachincludes a plurality of engagement formations, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and21, and the second part 12′ includes a plurality of engagementformations 16′, 17′, 18′, 19′, 20′ and 21′, Whilst in the exampledescribed herein, each part 12, 12′ includes six engagement formations16-21 16′-21′, any number of engagement formations, including one, maybe provided. Each of the engagement formations 16-21 and 16-21′ issubstantially annular and has a first end 16 a, 17 a, 18 a, 19 a, 20 a,21 a, 16 a′, 17 a′, 18 a′, 19 a′, 20 a′, 21 a″, and a second end 16 b,17 b, 18 b, 19 b, 20 b, 21 b, 22 b, 16 b′, 17 b′, 18 b′, 19 b′, 20 b′and 21 b′. Each engagement formation 16-21, 16′-21′ has a first portionwhich extends between the first end 16 a-21 a, 16 a′-21 a′ of theengagement formation 16-21, 16-21′ and a mid-point thereof, and a secondportion which extends between the mid-point of the engagement formation16-21, 16′-21′ and the second end 16 b-21 b, 16 b′-21 b′ thereof. Theengagement formations 16-21 and 16-21′ are concentric about respectivecentral axes A, A′. Each part 12, 12′ has a connecting face whichextends substantially transversely to the respective axis A, A′.

Each engagement formation 16-21 and 16′-21′ extends from the connectingface of the respective part 12, 12′ in the same general direction as therespective longitudinal axis A, A′, and is substantially parallel to therespective longitudinal axis A, A′. Thus, each engagement formation16-21, 16′-21′ extends substantially axially.

FIG. 4 shows one engagement formation 16 in isolation, such that thefeatures of the engagement formation 16 can be seen more clearly. Theengagement formation 16 is substantially helicoidal, and includes anupper substantially helicoidal surface 16 c, a lower surface 16 d, aninner circumferential wall 16 e and an outer circumferential wall 16 f.The inner and outer circumferential walls 16 e, 16 f are undercut, suchthat the engagement formation 16 has a substantially trapezoidalcross-section. It will be appreciated that this shape is exemplary only,and each engagement formation may be any shape, as desired. For example,the inner circumferential wall 16 e, the upper surface 16 c and theouter circumferential wall could form a series of continuous curves.

The upper surface 16 c describes a single revolution of a helicoid, andthe first end 16 a of the formation 16 is adjacent the second end 16 bof the formation. The upper surface 16 c of the second end 16 b of theengagement formation 16 meets the lower surface 16 d of first end 16 aof the formation 16, as shown in FIG. 2. Thus, a junction between thefirst end 16 a of the engagement formation 16 and the second end 16 b ofthe engagement formation 16 forms an end face 16 g which extendsgenerally radially. The junction of the first end, 16 a and the secondend 16 b forms a ‘step’ in the engagement formation 16. The end face 16g need not extend in the same general direction as the longitudinal axisA, and need not be planar. The end face 16 g may be curved, ramped,chamfered or angled, for example.

The end faces 16 g-21 g, 16 g′-21 g′ of adjacent engagement formations16-21, 16′-21′ are circumferentially offset from one another, by 180degrees. Therefore, the end faces 16 g, 18 g, 20 g, of the first part 12are aligned along a first radius which extends from the longitudinalaxis A, and the end faces 17 g, 19 g, 21 g of the first part 12 arealigned along a second radius which extends outwardly from thelongitudinal axis A, in the opposite direction to the first radius.Similarly, the end faces 16 g′, 18 g′, 20 g′ of the second part 12′ arealigned along a first radius which extends from the longitudinal axisA′, and the end faces 17 g′, 19 g′, and 21 g′ of the second part 12′ arealigned along a second radius which extends outwardly from thelongitudinal axis A′, in the opposite direction to the first radius.

Since, in this example, the two parts 12, 12′ of the connector aresubstantially the same as each other, and the second portion of eachengagement formation 16-21, 16′-21′ forms a receiving formation for thecorresponding engagement formation 16-21, 16′-21′ of the other part 12,12′, this connector is described as being ‘hermaphroditic’.

The engagement formations 16-21, 16′-21′ are substantially circular andarranged generally concentrically, i.e. the average radius of theoutermost engagement formation 16, 16′ of each part 12, 12′ is largest,and the average radius of the innermost engagement formation 21, 21′ ofeach part 12, 12′ is smallest. The outer circumferential wall of eachengagement formation other than the outermost engagement formation 16,16′ abuts the inner circumferential wall of the adjacent engagementformation.

In use, the two parts 12, 12′ of the connector 10 are placed adjacentone another, with the engagement formations 16-21 of the first part 12facing the engagement formations 16′-21′ of the second part 12′ and thelongitudinal axes A, A′ substantially aligned. The first end 17 a, ofthe second formation 17 of the first part 12 is positioned adjacent andbetween the first ends 16 a′, 18 a′ of the first and third formations16′, 18′ of the second part 12′, such that the first portion of eachengagement formation 16-21 of the first part 12 overlies the secondportion of the corresponding engagement formation 16′-21′ of the secondpart 12. The second portion of each engagement formation 16-21, 16′-21′forms a receiving formation for the first portion of the correspondingengagement formation 16-21, 16′-21′ of the opposite part 12, 12.

Similarly, the first end 17 a′ of the second formation 17′ of the secondpart 12′ is positioned adjacent and between the first ends 16 a, 18 a ofthe first and third formations 16, 18 of the first part 12 such that thefirst portion of each engagement formation 16′-21′ of the second part12′ overlies the second portion of the corresponding engagementformation 16-21 of the first part 12.

The first end 19 a of the fourth formation 19 of the first part 12 ispositioned adjacent and between the first ends 18 a′, 20 a′ of the thirdand fifth engagement formations 18′, 20′ of the second part 12′ of theconnector 10, and so on.

The upper face 16 c-21 c, of each of the engagement formations 16-21 ofthe first part 12 abuts the upper face 16 c′-21 c′ of the correspondingformation 16′-21′ of the second part 12′, and vice versa.

The engagement formations 16-21, 16′-21′ of the two parts 12, 12′ of theconnector 10 face each other, in a generally axial direction.

Rotation of the two parts 12, 12′ relative to one another about thelongitudinal axes A, A′, causes the engagement formations 16-21 of thefirst part 12 to inter-engage with the engagement formations 16′-21′ ofthe second part 12′. Relative rotation of the two parts 12, 12′ through180° effects full inter-engagement of the two parts 12, 12′, wherein theend faces 16 g-21 g of the engagement formations 16-21 of the first part12 abut the end faces 16 g′-21 g′ of the engagement formations 16′-21′of the second part 12′. The distance moved by the two parts 12, 12′ in adirection generally parallel to the longitudinal axes A, A′ duringrotation to bring the two parts 12, 12′ into full interengagement isapproximately half of the height of the end face 16 g.

Since the shape of the receiving portion of each engagement formation16-21, 16′-21′ is the inverse of the shape of the engagement portion ofthe corresponding engagement formation of the opposite part of theconnector 10, the engagement formations 16-21 and 16′-21′ “tessellate”or “dovetail” together as shown in FIG. 3. The outer circumferentialwall of the second engagement formation 17′ of the second part 12′ abutsthe inner circumferential wall of the first engagement formation 16 ofthe first part 12 and the inner circumferential wall of the secondengagement formation 17′ of the second part 12′ abuts and is engagedwith the outer circumferential wall of the third engagement formation 18of the first part 12 and so on.

Such inter-engagement inhibits or prevents linear movement of the twoparts 12, 12′ relative to one another in a direction parallel with theaxes A, A′. Full inter-engagement of the two parts 12, 12′ prevents anysuch relative linear movement whatsoever. In other words, the connector10 is difficult or impossible to pull apart.

Rotation of the two parts 12, 12′ relative to one another through lessthan 180° provides some inter-engagement of the two parts 12, 12′, andinhibits relative linear movement in a direction parallel to the axes A,A′, and may completely prevent such relative movement.

It will be appreciated that in order to engage the engagement formations16-21, 16′-21′ of the two parts 12, 12′ of the connector 10, there isonly one possible initial relative orientation of the two parts 12, 12′.This is embodiment of the invention is referred to as a “single pick-up”connector. All of the formations 16-21, 16′-21′ engage the adjacentformation(s) 16-21, 16-21′ of the opposite part 12, 12′ simultaneously.However, the engagement formations of the first part 12 and the secondpart 12′ may be arranged such that orienting the two parts in more thanone position relative to one another permits relative rotation of thetwo parts 12, 12′ about the axes A, A′, and interengagement of the twoparts 12, 12′.

Rotation of the two parts 12, 12′ relative to one another in a directionopposite to that which effects engagement of the two parts 12, 12′,effects disengagement or partial disengagement of the two parts 12, 12′.

A second embodiment of the invention 110 is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7. Theconnector 110 is similar to the connector 10, and similar features arereferenced with similar reference numerals, prefixed with “1”. Theconnector 110 is an example of a “quadruple pick-up”, 90° rotationconnector.

The connector 110 includes two parts 112 and 112′. The two parts 112 and112′ are not identical, but are engageable with one another. Each part112, 112′ has a respective connecting face which is substantiallytransverse to a longitudinal axis B, B′ of the respective part 112,112′.

The first part includes a plurality of engagement formations 116, 117,118, 119. The engagement formations 116-119 are substantially annular,and are concentric about a longitudinal axis B. Each engagementformation 116-119 extends axially, in a direction which is substantiallyparallel to the longitudinal axis B. Each engagement formation 116-119is separated from an adjacent engagement formation by a receivingformation 120, 121, 122.

Each engagement formation 116, 117, 118, 119 is substantially annular,and includes four sectors W, X, Y and Z. Each sector W, X, Y, Z of eachengagement formation 116-119 has a first end and a second end. Thesectors W, X, Y, Z of each formation 116-119 are arranged head-to-tail,such that the first end of each sector W, X, Y, Z is circumferentiallyadjacent the second end of an adjacent sector W, X, Y, Z. Each sector W,X, Y, Z of each engagement formation 116-119 is a partial helicoid. Eachsector W, X, Y, Z extends through approximately 90°.

Each sector W, X, Y, Z of each engagement formation 116-119 includes anupper surface, which is substantially helicoidal. Each sector W, X, Y, Zalso has a lower surface, an inner circumferential wall, and an outercircumferential wall. Each sector W, X, Y, Z also has an end face whichis situated at the first end of the sector W, X, Y, Z, such that eachengagement formation includes four ‘steps’. In the present example, theend face of sector W, X, Y, Z of each engagement formation 116, 117,118, 119 is curved. However, each end face may be any shape as required.The heights of the end faces of the sectors W, X, Y, Z in eachengagement formation are substantially the same as one another, as arethe heights of the end faces of different engagement formations 116-119.However, the heights of the end faces of different engagement formation116-119 need not be the same as one another. The inner and outercircumferential walls of each sector W, X, Y, Z slope inwardly towardsthe lower surface of the sector, such that the end face of each sectorW, X, Y, Z is substantially trapezoidal in cross section. Othercross-sectional shapes are also possible and the cross-sectional shapemay change over the extent of the engagement/receiving formations.

The circumferential walls of the engagement formations 116-119 definewalls of receiving formations 120, 121, 122. The receiving formationsare concentric about the longitudinal axis B. Each of the receivingformations 120-122 of the first part 112 also includes four sectors W,X, Y, Z, each having a first end, a second end and a substantiallyhelicoidal upper surface extending between the first end and the secondend. The sectors W, X, Y, Z of each receiving formation 120-122 arearranged head-to-tail, i.e. the first end of each sector W, X, Y, Z isadjacent the second end of an adjacent sector W, X, Y, Z.

The second part 112′ of the connector 110 includes a plurality ofengagement formations 123, 124, 125, which are generally annular andconcentric about a longitudinal axis B′, and a plurality of receivingformations 126, 127, 128, 129, which are concentric about thelongitudinal axis B′. The engagement formations 123-125 of the secondpart 112′ are similar to the engagement formations 116-119 of the firstpart 112, in that each includes four sectors W, X, Y, Z. Each engagementformation 123-125 extends substantially axially, in a direction which issubstantially parallel to the longitudinal axis A′. The two parts 112,112′ of the connector 110 need not have the same number of sectors asone another. For example, alternating sectors of one of the parts 112,112′ may be removed, or flattened, such that inter-engagement of theparts 112, 112′ occurs over half of the surface area of the abuttingfaces of the two parts of the connector 110. Additionally, oralternatively one or more engagement formations may be omitted from oneor both parts 112, 112′.

The receiving formations 126-129 are similar to the receiving formations120-122 of the first part 112, in that each receiving formation 126-129includes four sectors W, X, Y, Z, each having an upper surface whichdescribes a partial helicoid.

Each sector W, X, Y, Z of each receiving formation 126-129 has a firstend and a second end. The second end of each sector is positionedadjacent the first end of an adjacent sector. Each junction betweenadjacent sectors forms a step in the receiving formation, each receivingformation including four such steps. It will be appreciated that each“step” may be an incline, rather than a substantially vertical step.

The end faces of the engagement formations 116-119 of each sector W, X,Y, Z are aligned along a respective radii; i.e., the end faces of thefirst sectors W of each of the engagement formations are aligned along afirst radius, and the end faces of the second, third and fourth sectorsX, Y, Z of each of the engagement formations are aligned along threerespective radii which extends outwardly from the longitudinal axis B.This need not be the case, and the end faces of the sectors W, X, Y, Zmay be staggered or offset from one another.

Each of the engagement formations 116-119 of the first part 112 isreceivable in a corresponding receiving formation 126-129 of the secondpart 112′. Similarly, each engagement formation 123-125 of the secondpart 112′ is receivable in a corresponding receiving formation 120-122of the first part 112.

In use, the first part 112 and the second part 112′ are positionedadjacent one another and the axes B, B′ are substantially aligned, suchthat the engagement formations 116-119 extending from the connectingface of the first part 112 face the engagement formations 126-129 whichextend from the connecting face of the second part 112′. The first endof each sector W, X, Y, Z of the first engagement formation 116 of thefirst part 112 is positioned adjacent the first end of a sector W, X, Y,Z of the first receiving formation 126 of the second part 112′.Similarly, the first end of each sector W, X, Y, Z of the firstengagement formation 123 of the second part 112′ is positioned adjacentthe first end of a sector W, X, Y, Z of the first receiving formation120 of the first part 112, and so on.

Therefore, each engagement formation 116-119, 123-125 of each part 112,112′ is aligned with a corresponding receiving formation 120-122,126-129 of the other part 112, 112′ of the connector 110.

The upper face of each of the engagement formations 116-119 of the firstpart 112 abuts the upper face of the corresponding receiving formation126-129 of the second part 112′, and vice versa.

Rotation of the two parts 112, 112′ relative to one another, causes theengagement formations 116-119 of the first part 112 to engage with thereceiving formations 126-129 of the second part 112′. In the presentexample, since the connector 110 includes four sectors of approximatelyequal angular size, relative rotation of the two parts 112, 112′ through90° effects full inter-engagement of the two parts 112, 112′, whereineach end face of each sector W, X, Y, Z of each engagement formation116-119 of the first part 112 abuts an end face of a sector W, X, Y, Zof a corresponding receiving formation 126-129 of the second part 112′,and vice versa.

Since the cross section of each engagement formation 116-119, 123-125 issubstantially trapezoidal, the engagement formations 116-119 and 123-125“dovetail” together. However, any “tessellating” arrangement ofengagement formations and receiving formations is possible.Inter-engagement of the two parts 112, 112′ inhibits linear movement ofthe two parts 112, 112′ relative to one another in a direction parallelwith the axes B, B′ and may completely prevent such movement. Fullinter-engagement of the two parts 112, 112′ prevents any such relativelinear movement whatsoever, without simultaneous relative rotationalmovement of the two parts 112, 112′. Rotation of the two parts 112, 112′in a direction opposite to that which brings about engagement of the twoparts 112, 112′, causes disengagement or partial disengagement of thetwo parts 112, 112′.

A third embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 8 to 10. Aconnector 210 includes two parts 212, 212′. The first part 212 includesa plurality of engagement formations 216, 217, 218, 219, 220. Theengagement formations 216-220 are substantially annular and concentricabout a longitudinal axis C. Each engagement formation 216-220 includestwo sectors X, Y. However, each part 212, 212′ may have any number ofsectors. Each sector X, Y has a first end, a second end, an uppersurface, and a lower surface. Each sector X, Y of each engagementformation 216-220 also includes an inner circumferential wall and anouter circumferential wall which, together, form two substantiallycircular side walls. The upper surface of each sector X, Y of eachengagement formation 216-220 is substantially helicoidal. Each sector X,Y of each engagement formation 216-220 includes an end face which ispositioned at the first end of the sector X, Y, and which is generallytransverse to the side walls and the upper surface of the sector X, Y.Each end face of each sector X, Y of each engagement formation may beany shape, as desired. The side walls of each engagement formation216-220 slope inwardly from the upper surface of the engagement surfaceto the lower surface thereof, such that each engagement formation issubstantially trapezoidal in cross section. However, each engagementformation may have any suitable cross-sectional shape which enablesinterengagement of the two parts 212, 212′ of the connector 210.

Each sector X, Y of each engagement formation 216-220 extends aroundapproximately 180° of the respective engagement formation 216-220. Thetwo sectors X, Y of each engagement formation 216-220 are arrangedhead-to-tail, such that the first end of each sector X, Y iscircumferentially adjacent the second end of the other sector X, Y ofthe same engagement formation 216-220. Since the upper surface of eachsegment X, Y of each engagement formation is substantially helicoidal,the upper surface of the second end of each sector X, Y meets the firstend of the adjacent sector X, Y towards the lower surface of theadjacent sector, rather than being aligned with the upper surface of theadjacent sector. Thus, there is a “step” between the upper surfaces ofadjacent sectors X, Y of each engagement formation 216-220, with eachengagement formation 216-220 including two steps which are positionedapproximately 180° apart. Thus, this embodiment of the invention is atwo pick-up, 180° connector. Each “step” may be an incline, rather thanincluding a face which extends substantially axially parallel to thelongitudinal axis C.

The first part 212 of the connector 210 also includes a plurality ofreceiving formations 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226. Each of the receivingformations 221-226 is substantially annular, and is defined by an outerwall of one engagement formation and an inner wall of the adjacentengagement formation. It will be appreciated that the innermost and/oroutermost receiving formation may be defined by only a single wall.

Each receiving formation 221-226 has a substantially helicoidal uppersurface. Each receiving formation includes two sectors X, Y, each ofwhich extends approximately 180° around the receiving formation 221-226.The sectors of each receiving formation 221-226 are arranged“head-to-tail”, such that the second end of each sector is adjacent thefirst end of the other sector of the same receiving formation. Since theupper surface of each sector is substantially helicoidal, each junctionbetween the second end of each sector X, Y with the first end of theother sector X, Y results in a step or incline in the upper surface ofthe receiving formation 221-226. In this example, since each receivingformation includes two sectors, each receiving formation 221-226includes two such steps, which are positioned substantiallydiametrically opposite one another.

In the example shown, the junctions of the sectors X, Y of each of theengagement formations 216-220 and the junctions between the sectors X, Yof each of the receiving formations 221-226 are not radially alignedwith one another. The junctions in the upper surfaces of the sectors X,Y of the engagement formations 216-220 and in the upper surfaces of thereceiving formations 221-226 are staggered. Furthermore, each step ofeach engagement formation and receiving formation is not aligned with aradius of the connector 210. However, it will be appreciated that one ormore of the steps may be aligned with a radius of the connector 210.

The second part 212′ of the connector 210 is similar, but not identical,to the first part 212. The second part 212′ includes a plurality ofengagement formations, in this example six engagement formations 227,228, 229, 230, 231, 232 which are arranged concentrically about alongitudinal axis C′ and extend substantially axially, in a directionwhich is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis C′. Thefeatures of each engagement formation 227-232 of the second part 212′are similar to those of the engagement formations of the first part 212.Each engagement formation 227-232 includes two sectors X, Y, each ofwhich has a substantially helicoidal upper surface, with a step orincline being formed at each junction between the first end of eachsector and the second end of the adjacent sector.

The second part 212′ also includes a plurality of receiving formations233, 234, 235, 236, 237, arranged concentrically about the longitudinalaxis C′. Each receiving formation 233-237 of the second part 212′corresponds with an engagement formation 216-220 of the first part, andvice versa. The features of the receiving formations 233-237 of thesecond part 212′ are similar to those of the receiving formations221-226 of the first part 212. Each receiving formation 233-237 includestwo sectors, X, Y, each of which has a substantially helicoidal uppersurface, with the junctions between adjacent sectors forming two stepsin the upper surface of each receiving formation 233-237. Similarly tothe first two embodiments of the invention, each part 212, 212′ of theconnector 210 has a connecting face which is generally transverse to thelongitudinal axis C, C′ of the respective part 212, 212′. The engagementformations 216-220, 227-232 extend generally axially from the respectiveconnecting face, in a direction which is substantially parallel with therespective longitudinal axis C, C′.

Whilst the present example of the embodiment of the invention isdescribed as having five engagement formations on the first part 212 andsix engagement formations on the second part 212′, it will be understoodthat the third embodiment of the invention may have any number ofengagement formations and a corresponding number of receivingformations. Not every engagement formation need be received in areceiving formation, and similarly, not every receiving formation needreceive an engagement formation. Therefore, the two parts 212, 212′ ofthe connector 210 need not have corresponding numbers of engagementformations and receiving formations.

The first part 212 of the connector is engageable with the second part212′ of the connector 210. In use, the two parts 212, 212′ of theconnector 210 are positioned such that the connecting faces and hencethe engagement formations of the two parts 212, 212′, 216-220, 227-232are face to face. The axes C, C′ are aligned such that the first,outermost engagement formation 216 of the first part 212 is aligned withthe first, outermost receiving formation 233 of the second part.Similarly, the first, outermost engagement formation 227 of the secondpart 212′ is aligned with the first, outermost receiving formation 221of the first part 212, and so on.

The two parts 212, 212′ of the connector are rotated relative to oneanother about the longitudinal axes C, C, and the upper surface of eachengagement formation 216-220, 227-232 slides along the upper surface ofthe corresponding receiving formation of the other part. Such rotationof the two parts 212, 212′ relative to one another causes eachengagement formation 216-220, 227-232 of each part to engage with acorresponding receiving formation 221-226, 233-237 of the other part ofthe connector. The sloping walls of the engagement formations 216-220,227-232 mean that the two parts 212, 212′ “dovetail” or “tessellate”together. Rotation of the two parts 212, 212′ through approximately 180°causes the end face of each of the sectors of each of the engagementformations to abut the step of a sector X, Y of the receiving formationin which the engagement formation is received.

Rotation of the two parts 212, 212′ relative to one another in adirection opposite to that which effects interengagement of the twoparts causes disengagement or partial disengagement of the two parts212, 212′.

A fourth embodiment of the invention is shown at 310 in FIGS. 11-13. Theconnector 310 includes two parts 312, 312′. In the present example, thetwo parts 312, 312′ are identical, although this need not necessarily bethe case.

The first part 312 includes a body 314, which is substantiallycylindrical. The body 314 includes an opening 315, such that the body314 is a substantially hollow cylinder. It will be appreciated that thebody 314 need not be hollow. The first part 312 has a substantiallycentral longitudinal axis D.

The first part 312 also includes a connecting face which issubstantially annular and extends generally transversely to thelongitudinal axis D. The connecting face of the first part 312 includesa plurality of engagement formations 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321 (inthis example six) which are arranged in a substantially circulararrangement. Each engagement formation 316-321 extends throughapproximately 30°. Each engagement formation 316-321 is substantiallycircular in cross-section. However, each engagement formation 316-321may have any appropriate cross-sectional shape.

Each engagement formation has a first end and a second end, an uppersurface and two side walls. The upper surface of each engagementformation is inclined between the first end and the second end of theengagement formation.

Each engagement formation 316, 320 is adjacent a receiving formation322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327. Thus, the engagement formations 316-321and receiving formations 322-327 alternate around the circumference ofthe first part 312.

Each receiving formation 322-327 is shaped so as to receive anengagement formation of the second part 312′. Each receiving formation321-327 has a first end, a second end, an upper surface and a pair ofside walls. In the present example, each receiving formation has asubstantially circular cross-section. Each receiving formation is acurved channel. The upper surface of each receiving formation isinclined between its first end and its second end.

The second part 312′ of the connector 310 is identical to the first part312, having a plurality of engagement formations 328, 329, 330, 331, 333and a plurality of receiving formations 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339 (inthis example, six), in which the engagement formations 316, 317, 318,319, 320, 321 of the first part 312 are receivable. Similarly, theengagement formations 334-339 of the second part 312′ are receivable inthe receiving formations 322-327 of the first part 312.

The first part 312 may include only a single engagement formation, whichis engageable with a single receiving formation of the second part 312′,such that relative rotation of the two parts through approximately 360°effects full interengagement.

The connector 310 may include a series of annular engagement formationswhich are arranged concentrically about the longitudinal axes D, D′,such that relative rotation of the two parts 312, 312′ of the connector310 about the axes D, D′ causes simultaneous engagement of each of theengagement formations.

In use, the connecting faces of the two parts 312, 312′ of the connector310 are brought together such that the engagement formations 316-321,328-333 of the two parts 312, 312′ face the engagement formations316-321, 328-333 of the other part 312, 312′ and the longitudinal axesD, D′ of the two parts 312, 312′ are substantially aligned.

The first end of each engagement formation 316-321, 328-333 of each part312, 312′ is positioned adjacent the first end of a receiving formation322-327, 334-339 of the opposing part 312, 312′. Rotation of the twoparts 312, 312′ relative to one another causes each engagement formationto slide along the corresponding receiving formation of the opposingpart until the first end of each engagement formation is positionedadjacent the second end of the receiving formation in which it isreceived. In this example, relative rotation of the two parts 312, 312′through approximately 30° causes full interengagement of the two parts.

Since each engagement formation is ‘undercut’ and each receivingformation is the inverse of the shape of the corresponding engagementformation of the opposite part, partial or full interengagement of thetwo parts 312, 312′ inhibits, and may completely prevent relative linearmovement of the two parts 312, 312′ in a direction generally parallel tothe longitudinal axes D, D′, without simultaneous relative rotation ofthe two parts 312, 312′.

Rotation of the two parts 312, 312′ relative to one another in adirection opposite to that which effects interengagement of the twoparts 312, 312′ causes partial or complete disengagement of the twoparts 312, 312′.

The connector 310 is suitable for use in connecting pipes or othertubular objects together. Each part 312, 312′ of the connector may befitted to an end of a pipe, or may be integrally formed therewith.

Being able to control the degree of rotation required to effect fullinterengagement by providing an appropriate number of engagementformations, means that the ultimate relative position of the pipes onthe end of which the parts of the connector 310 are provided, can beselected and controlled.

Plumbing connections can thus easily be made using the connector 310.Seals of rubber, for example, may be provided to inhibit leakage.Additionally, or alternatively, an adhesive and/or a sealant may beapplied to maintain and seal the connection between the two parts 312,312′.

Each part of each connector 10, 110, 210, 310 may include a backingmember, which carries each of the engagement formations and receivingformations of that part. The backing member may extend beyond thecircumference of the outermost engagement formation or receivingformation, and may be used to attach the part of the connector to anobject or a surface. Alternatively, the engagement formation(s) and/orreceiving formation(s) of one or both parts of the connector may beintegrally formed in an object or surface.

Attaching the first part 12, 112, 212, 312 of the connector 10, 110,210, 310 to an object, and the second part 12′, 112′, 212′, 312′ toanother object enables the two objects to be connected together. Forexample, a single connector 10, 110, 210, 310 can be used to attach apicture to a wall, one part of the connector being attached to the wall,and the other part of the connector being attached to the rear of thepicture. There may be no need to drill the wall or puncture the wallwith screws or nails. Furthermore, the picture is able to restsubstantially flush with the wall, owing to the shallowness of theconnector. Hanging a picture on a nail by a cord attached to the rear ofthe picture causes a gap between an upper part of the picture and thewall.

As a further example, a connector 10, 110, 210, 310 may be used toconnect parts of flat-packed furniture together. For example, connectinga leg to a tabletop usually requires a threaded fastener to be provided,and for the leg to be turned through several revolutions relative to thetabletop, in order to engage the whole of the threaded fastener, and toprovide a secure engagement between the leg and the table. Attaching onepart of a connector in accordance with the present invention to anunderside of the tabletop, and the other part to an in use upper end ofthe leg, enables the leg to be securely engaged with the tabletop byrotating the leg through less than 360° relative to the tabletop.

In order to fully engage the two objects, it is only necessary to rotatethe two parts through up to 360° relative to one another, and preferablyonly through between 90° and 180°. It will be appreciated that thenumber of “pick-up points”, which is determined by the number of sectorsinto which each engagement formation and receiving formation is divided,affects the angle through which the parts have to be rotated relative toone another in order to achieve full engagement. The more pick-up pointswhich are provided, the more convenient the connector 10, 110, 210, 310may be to use, since the initial relative orientation of the two partsis less important. The more pick-up points are provided, the smaller theangle through which the parts have to be rotated through relative to oneanother to achieve full engagement. The optimum number of pick-up pointsand hence the degree of rotation required to achieve full engagement ofthe two parts may depend upon the application in which the connector isto be used.

The connection between the two parts of the connector 10, 110, 210, 310is described above as being temporary, insofar as the two parts of theconnector are disconnectable from one another by rotating the two partsrelative to one another in a direction which is opposite to thedirection in which the parts are rotated in order to achieve connection.The two parts of the connectors 10, 110, 210, 310 are frictionallyengaged with one another. Where both parts of the connector 10, 110,210, 310 are manufactured from an unpliable material, the engagementformations are unable to disengage one another by virtue of a forcebeing applied in a longitudinal direction. Where one or both of theparts are manufactured from a pliable material, the two parts, whenengaged or fully engaged, may be “peeled” apart, by deforming the oreach pliable part.

However, the connection may be made permanent. For example, at least onepart may include a locking formation such as a catch, tenon or barb,which inhibits or prevents rotation of the parts of the connectorrelative to one another in the direction opposite to the engagementdirection.

Adding a projection to a part of the connector 10, 110, 210, 310 mayincrease the frictional engagement between the two parts. For example,narrowing a receiving formation may tighten the receiving formation'sgrip on the corresponding engagement formation of the other part.Overcoming this increased friction may cause “locking” of the two partsin an engaged configuration. It may be necessary to use a tool toovercome the increased friction.

A separate locking device, for example a pin or bolt, may be provided tohold the two parts of the connector together in an engagedconfiguration. Each engagement formation of each part of each connectormay act as a pawl, which engages with a receiving formation, the uppersurface of which includes a series of steps, in the form of a ratchet.Additionally, or alternatively, one or both parts of the connector maybe provided with an adhesive which permanently, or semi-permanently,bonds the two parts of the connector together in the fully engagedposition, or in a partially engaged position relative to one another.

Each of the connectors described above may be an electrical connector.Such a connector is shown at 410 in FIG. 14. The connector 410 issimilar to the first embodiment of the invention, but couldalternatively have a similar configuration to the second, third orfourth embodiments. The connector 410 has a first part 412 and a secondpart 412′. The present example of the first part 412 includes sixengagement formations 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, and 421. Each of theengagement formations has a first end 416 a, 417 a, 418 a, 419 a, 420 a,421 a, and a second end 416 b, 417 b, 418 b, 419 b, 420 b, 421 b. Thefirst part 412 includes three electrically conductive elements 450, 451,452 each of which is positioned on an upper surface of the respectiveengagement formation towards the second end thereof. Each electricallyconductive element 450, 451, 452 is connected to an electricalconnector, for example a wire 470, 471, 472 each of which is embedded inthe first part 412 of the connector 410. Three wires are shown in thepresent example. The first wire 470 may be a live wire, the second wire471 may be a neutral wire and the third wire 472 may be an earth, forexample.

The second part 412′ of the connector 410 is similar to the first part412, insofar as it includes six engagement formations 316′ 317′, 318′,319′, 320′, 321′, each having a substantially helicoidal upper surface.The second part 412′ include three electrically conductive elements450′, 451′ and 452′, each of which is positioned towards the first endof an engagement formation, on the upper surface thereof. Eachelectrically conductive element 450′, 451′ 452′ is connected to anelectrical conductor, for example, a wire 470′, 471′, 472′.

It will be understood that the number of engagement formations,receiving formations and electrically conductive elements shown providedon each part 412, 412′ is exemplary, and any number may be provided asrequired. In use, the two parts 412, 412′ are inter-engaged in a similarmanner to the first connector 10, described above. The positions of theelectrical elements 450-452, 450′-452′ on the two parts 412, 412′ aresuch that when the two parts 412, 412′ are fully engaged, eachelectrical element 450-452 of the first part 412 contacts thecorresponding electrical element 450′-452′ of the second part 412′,permitting the flow of electrical current from one part 412, 412′ of theconnector 410 to the other part 412, 412′. Therefore, the connector 410may be used as an electrical connector as part of an electric circuit.

Of course, different numbers of electrical elements may be provided, andthe electrical elements may be positioned or configured differently. Theonly requirement is that at least a part of an electrical element whichis positioned on the first part 412 contacts at least a part of anelectrical element which is positioned on the second part when the twoparts 412, 412′ of the connector 410 are fully or partially engaged.

The positions of the electrically conducting elements may be staggered,such that the connections are made sequentially, rather thansimultaneously as the two parts 412, 412′ of the connector 410 areinterengaged.

The electrically conducting elements may be positioned such that contactbetween the electrically conducting elements of the two parts is noteffected until a further component or assembly is added, or until afurther connecting step is carried out.

The connector 410 may be used as an alternative to terminal block, whichis well known in the field of electric circuits. The wires 470-472,470′-472′ need not be integral with the parts 412, 412′ of the connector410, and in such a situation, a user is able to connect a cable or wire,for example to one part 412, 412′ of the connector 410, and anotherwire, cable or part of an electrical device to the other part of theconnector 410, then rotate the two parts 412, 412′ of the connector 410together so as to complete an electrical circuit. Apart from theelectrical elements 450-452, 450′-452′, the connector 410 ismanufactured from an electrically insulating material. Alternatively,the entire connector may be manufactured from an electrically conductingmaterial. The electrical elements 450-452, 450′-452′ may have a safetycovering, for example, which is removed during rotation of the two parts412, 412′ relative to one another, such that the electrical elements450-452, 450′-452′ are not accessible to a user, so as to reduce oravoid the risk of electrocution.

The connector 410 may be used as a means of holding an electrical devicein or on a docking device, or in or on a charging device. Knowndocking/charging devices generally rely upon a connector on a base ofthe electrical device being held in contact with an electrical connectoron the docking or charging device. Known docking/charging devices aregenerally reliant on the electrical device being held in or on thedocking/charging device under gravity. An electrical item bearing onepart of the electrical connector 410, is electrically connectable to adocking/charging device which carries the other part of the connector410, by means of rotation. Such an electrical connection is secure, andis not gravity-dependent, and does not require repeated insertion andremoval of a connector or a lead, for example, into a “port” of thedevice. The connector 410 is mounted on or embedded in the exterior ofthe electrical device.

The amount of wear on the connector is reduced, since the forces appliedto effect connection and disconnection are rotational, and hence are notapplied in a single direction. The connector has a low-profile, and doesnot protrude very far, if at all, from the exterior of the electricaldevice.

A seal, for example an o-ring, may be positioned externally of theconnector 410, to increase the Ingress Protection (IP) rating of theconnector 410. A seal or sealant may additionally or alternatively beprovided between adjacent engagement formations of one or both parts412, 412′ of the connector 410.

One or both parts 412, 412′ of the connector 410 may be manufacturedfrom an elastomeric material, so as to provide snug inter-engagement ofthe two parts 412, 412′, which improves the water-tightness of theconnection.

Such a connector can be provided as an electrical connection, forexample in a ceiling rose for a light fitting, as shown in FIGS. 16 and17. The connector 510 is similar to the connector 410 described above,except that the electrically conducting elements are positioned on endfaces of the engagement formations. Each engagement formation of firstpart 512 includes an electrically conductive pin 550, 551, 552 and eachengagement formation of a second part 512′ of the connector 512 includesan opening 560, 561, 562 which includes an electrically conductiveelement and in which a pin 550, 551, 552 of the first part 512 isreceivable when the two parts 512, 512′ of the connector 510 areconnected together.

Each pin 550, 551, 552 of the first part is connected an electricalcable which is connectable to an electrical device, for example alighting device. Each pin 550, 551, 552 may be connected to a respectivecable, for example live, neutral and earth.

The second part 512′ of the connector is connected to a lightingcircuit, and is attachable to a surface, for example a ceiling. Eachelectrical element is electrically connected to the lighting circuit.Each electrical element is embedded in the second part 512′ of theconnector 510, such that the electrical elements cannot be touched,inadvertently or intentionally. The pins 550-552 of the first part 512are of a relatively small diameter and the openings 560-562 are of acorresponding diameter, such that a human finger, for example, is toolarge to fit inside the opening and contact the electrically conductiveelements.

In use, a lighting device is attached to the cables 560 extending fromthe first part 512 of the connector. The second part 512′ is attached toa lighting circuit.

An electrical connection is made between the lighting device and thelighting circuit by offering the first part 512 of the connector up tothe second part 512′ such that connecting faces of the two parts faceone another, and rotating the first part 512 relative to the second part512′ so as to inter-engage the engagement formations of the two parts512, 512′, until the pins 550-552 are received in the openings 560-562of the second part 512′, and the electrically conductive elements ofboth parts 512, 512′ are in contact with one another. The two parts 512,512′ are fixable in the engaged configuration, for example by insertingfasteners through both parts of the connector 510.

An example of a connector 610 having a locking formation is shown inFIGS. 17 to 19. The connector 610 is similar to the connector 110,inasmuch as the connector is a “quadruple pick-up” 90° rotationconnector. The connector includes two parts 612, 612′. The two parts arenot identical, but are engageable with one another. Each part 612, 612′has a respective connecting face which is substantially transverse to alongitudinal axis E, E′ of the respective part 612, 612′.

The first part 612 includes a plurality of engagement formations 616,617, 618. Any number of engagement formations may be provided, asrequired. The engagement formations 616-619 are substantially annular,and are concentric about the longitudinal axis E. Each engagementformation 616-619 extends axially, in a direction which is substantiallyparallel to the longitudinal axis E.

Each engagement formation 616-618 includes four sectors W, X, Y Z. Eachsector W, X, Y, Z of each engagement formation 616-618 has a first endand a second end. The sectors W, X, Y, Z of each formation are arrangedhead-to-tail, such that the first end of each sector W, X, Y, Z iscircumferentially adjacent the second end of an adjacent sector W, X, Y,Z. Each sector W, X, Y, Z is a partial helicoid. However, it will beappreciated that each sector may have a substantially flat uppersurface, provided that together the sectors W, X, Y, Z of eachengagement formation 616-618 describe a substantially helicoidalconnecting face. Each sector W, X, Y, Z extends through approximately90°.

Each sector W, X, Y, Z of each receiving engagement formation has an endface which is situated at the first end of the sector W, X, Y, Z, suchthat each engagement formation includes four ‘steps’. Each end face ofeach sector W, X, Y, Z includes a locking formation 621. Each lockingformation is a catch which extends circumferentially from the end faceof the respective sector W, X, Y, Z. An underside of each catch 621includes a tooth which extends downwardly from the underside of thecatch 621. The underside of each catch 621 is spaced from an uppersurface of the adjacent sector W, X, Y, Z, such that there is aclearance between the catch 621 and the upper surface of the adjacentsector W, X, Y, Z. Each catch 621 is thus capable of flexing slightly.

It will be appreciated that as many locking formations 621 may beprovided as is deemed necessary, and not every sector of everyengagement formation need include a locking formation 621.

Each engagement formation 616-618 is separated from an adjacentengagement formation by a receiving formation 619, 620. The receivingformations 619, 620 are concentric about the longitudinal axis E. Eachreceiving formation 619, 620 also includes four sectors W, X, Y, Z, eachhaving a first end and a second end. An upper surface of each sector W,X, Y, Z of each receiving formation is preferably substantiallyhelicoidal, but may also be substantially flat, provided that together,the four sectors W, X, Y, Z of each receiving formation describes asubstantially helicoidal surface. The sectors W, X, Y, Z of eachreceiving formation are arranged head-to-tail, such that the first endof each sector W, X, Y, Z is adjacent the second end of an adjacentsector W, X, Y, Z. Each sector W, X, Y, Z includes a recess 622 which ispositioned beneath the first end of the sector W, X, Y, Z, and which iscommunicable with the second end of an adjacent sector W, X, Y, Z.

The second part 612′ includes a plurality of engagement formations 623,624 which are generally annular and concentric about the longitudinalaxis E′. The second part 612′ also includes a plurality of receivingformations 625, 626, 627. The engagement formations 623, 624 of thesecond part 612′ are similar to the engagement formations of the firstpart 612, and each includes four sectors W, X, Y, Z. Each sector W, X,Y, Z of each engagement formation 623, 624 includes a locking formation628, which is similar to the locking formations 621 of the first part612.

It will be appreciated that as many locking formations 628 may beprovided as is deemed necessary and not every sector of every engagementformation need include a locking formation 628.

The receiving formations 625-627 of the second part 612′ are similar tothe receiving formations of the first part 612, and each also includesfour sectors W, X, Y, Z. The receiving formations 619, 620 of the firstpart 612 are engageable with the engagement formations 623, 624 of thesecond part 612′ and the receiving formations 625, 626, 627 of thesecond part 612′ are engageable with the engagement formations 616, 617,618 of the first part 612. Each sector W, X, Y, Z of each receivingformation 625-627 of the second part 612′ includes a recess 629, whichis similar to the recesses 622 of the first part 612. The number ofrecesses 629 provided in the second part 612′ preferably corresponds tothe number of locking formations 621 provided on the first part 612, andvice versa.

When the two parts 612, 612′ are engaged with one another, as describedin relation to other embodiments, i.e. by rotation of the two parts 612,612′ relative to one another, and by engagement of each engagementformation 616, 617, 618, 623, 624 with a receiving formation of theother part 612, 612′, the locking formations 621, 628 of each part 612,612′ are receivable in and engageable with a corresponding recess 622,629 of the other part 612, 612′. Once the two parts have been rotatedsuch that the two parts are ‘home’, each locking formation 621, 628enters the corresponding recess 622, 629 beneath the first end of theadjacent sector W, X, Y, Z of the corresponding receiving formation ofthe other part 612, 612′. The tooth of each catch 621, 628 impinges on asubstantially longitudinally extending face of an adjacent receivingformation 619, 620, 625, 626, 627 with which the engagement formation616, 617, 618, 623, 624 is engaged. This inhibits or prevents the catch621, 628 from being disengaged from the recess 622, 629, thuspermanently or semi-permanently engaging the two parts 612, 612′ in theconnected configuration. The flexibility of each of the catches 621, 628means that, if desired, the two parts 612, 612′ may be disengaged fromone another, if a sufficient force is applied to rotate the two parts612, 612′ relative to one another in a direction which causes theengagement formations 616, 617, 618, 623, 624 to disengage from thecorresponding receiving formation 619, 620, 625, 626, 627 of the otherpart 612, 612′.

Such a connector may, for example, be used in assembling parts ofproducts which are intended to remain connected to one another, as thelocking formation inhibits or prevents inadvertent disconnection of theparts.

An example of a connector 710 having a separate locking device is shownin FIGS. 20 to 22.

The connector 710 has two connecting parts, 712, 712′, each having aconnecting face which is substantially transverse to a longitudinal axisF, F′ of the respective part 712, 712′. The connecting face of each part712, 712′ has a plurality of engagement formations 716, 717, 718, 719.The engagement formations 616-620 are annular and concentric about therespective longitudinal axis F, F′. Each engagement formation 716-719has a plurality of segments, each of which has a substantiallyhelicoidal upper surface. In the example shown, each engagementformation 716-719 includes thirty-six segments, such that the connector710 is a thirty-six pick up point, 10° rotation connector.

Each engagement formation 716-719 of each part 710 is radially spacedfrom an adjacent engagement formation 716-719 by a receiving formation720, 721, 722, 723. Each engagement formation 716-719 of each part 712,712′ is engageable with a respective receiving formation 720-723 of theother part 712, 712′.

The pitch of the engagement formations 716-719 and the receivingformations is relatively large, for example the pitch may be 180 mm. Asa result of this and the fact that the degree of rotation required toachieve full engagement is relatively small, it is possible for the twoparts 712, 712′ to engage one another under gravity, without anyexternal rotational force having to be applied to the two parts 712,712′.

Each part 712, 712′ is substantially annular and has an innercircumference which includes a locking formation 724. In the exampleshown, the locking formation 724 includes a plurality of splines orteeth, which are provided in a zig-zag configuration. The splines extendradially inwardly from the inner circumferences of the two parts 712,712′. The locking formations 724 of the two parts 712, 712′ lie adjacentone another, one above the other, when the two parts 712, 712′ are fullyengaged with one another.

The connector 710 also includes a locking device 725 which issubstantially circular, and this case is annular. The locking device hasa substantially longitudinal axis F″. A nominal outer circumference ofthe locking device 725 is substantially the same as a nominal innercircumference of each of the parts 712, 712′, such that a push fitengagement between the locking device 725 and the two parts 712, 712′ ispermitted. The outer circumference of the locking device 725 includes asecond locking formation 726, which is engageable with the lockingformations 724 of the two parts of the connector 712, 712′.

The second locking formation also includes a plurality of splines orteeth in a zig-zag configuration, which are engageable with the splinesof the locking formations 724 of the first part 712 and the second part712′. The splines of the locking device 725 extend generally outwardlyfrom the outer circumference of the locking device 725.

Once the two parts 712, 712′ of the connector 710 are engaged with oneanother, by rotation of the two parts 712, 712′ relative to one another,the locking device 725 is receivable through the centers of the twoannular parts 712, 712′. The locking device is slideable in a generallylongitudinal direction, through the connected parts 712, 712′, byoff-setting the teeth of the locking formations 724 from the teeth ofthe locking formation 726 of the locking device 725. The height of thelocking device 725 is such that it is simultaneously engageable with thefirst part 712 and the second part 712′ of the connector 710.

The teeth of the interlocked locking formations 724, 726 prevent orinhibit rotation of the two parts 712, 712′ with respect to one another,thus preventing or inhibiting disconnection of the two parts 712, 712′.If it is subsequently desired to disconnect the two parts 712, 712′,then the locking device 725 is slideable out of engagement with one orboth of the parts 712, 712′ to enable the two parts to rotate in adirection opposite to that which causes engagement of the two parts 712,712′. If it is desired to permanently connect the two parts together,the locking device 725 may be adhered to the two parts 712, 712′ of theconnector 710.

Minimal rotation is required to engage and disengage the parts of theconnector, and therefore is quick to use. Therefore, such a connectormay be used in a fire extinguisher or gas cylinder bracket, where astrong connection is required, but a quick release mechanism is alsorequired.

This embodiment of the invention may be particularly useful in hangingpictures or other wall mounted objects, as it is possible to achieveengagement by the application of an axial load.

Whilst each of the embodiments is described above as having anengagement formation and a receiving formation including a plurality ofsectors, wherein each of the sectors has a substantially helicoidalsurface, each sector may have a substantially flat surface, whereintogether, the sectors of each engagement formation or receivingformation describe a substantially helicoidal connecting face. Such aconnector is shown in FIGS. 23 to 25.

A connector 810 has a first part 812 and a second part 812′, each ofwhich has a respective longitudinal axis G, G′. The first part 812includes a connecting face which extends substantially transverselyrelative to the longitudinal axis G. The connecting face includes anengagement formation 814 which has a substantially helicoidal surface.It will be appreciated that the connecting face may include a pluralityof engagement formations which may be arranged substantiallyconcentrically. The engagement formation 814 includes a plurality ofsegments. Each segment has a substantially flat surface which issubstantially transverse to the longitudinal axis G. However, thesegments are stepped, such that each successive segment is at a slightlydifferent height Together the segments form a substantially helicoidalupper surface of the engagement formation 814.

The second part 812′ includes a receiving formation 816, with which theengagement formation 814 of the first part 812 is engageable, byrotation of the first and second parts 812, 812′ relative to oneanother. The receiving formation includes a connecting face whichextends substantially transversely relative to the longitudinal axis G′.Similarly to the engagement formation 814 of the first part 812, thereceiving formation 816 includes a plurality of segments, each of whichhas a substantially flat lower surface which extends generallytransversely to the longitudinal axis G′, and each of which is adifferent height from adjacent segments such that a lower surface of thereceiving formation 816 is substantially helicoidal. The lower surfaceof the receiving formation and the upper surface of the engagementformation 14 are ‘stepped’.

Advantages of this embodiment of the invention are that the interactionof the ‘steps’ at the junctions of adjacent sectors of the engagementformation 814 and the receiving formation 816 inhibits or preventsdisengagement of the two parts particularly under a load applied in asubstantially axial direction. Removal of the load reduces the amount bywhich the steps of the engagement formation 814 and the receivingformation 816 impinge on one another, and rotation of the two parts 812,812′ relative to one another to enable disengagement is possible.

This embodiment of the invention may be particularly useful in thefixing of heavy loads for transportation. The downward force applied tothe connector during use inhibits disengagement of the two parts of theconnector, thus holding the load in position relative to a surface of atransportation vehicle.

A simpler embodiment of the connector 810 is shown generally at 910 inFIGS. 26 to 28. The connector 910 is similar in the majority of aspectsto the connector 810, and similar parts are given similar numbers, butprefixed with a ‘9’, instead of an ‘8’ The engagement formation 914 ofthe first part does not include a plurality of sectors and has a smooth,substantially helicoidal surface. Similarly, the receiving formation 916does not include segments and has a smooth, substantially helicoidallower surface, with which the engagement formation 914 of the first part912 is engageable.

The connectors 810 and 910 described and shown in FIGS. 23 to 28 aresingle pick-up, 360° rotation connectors, but it will be appreciatedthat the engagement formations and the receiving formations may includesegments which are stepped in such a way as to provide an alternativenumber of pickup points and to alter the angle through which the twoparts 812, 812′ have to be rotated relative to one another to achievefull engagement. The number of segments provided may be selected asappropriate.

The connectors 810, 910 provide relatively strong connections, owing tothe need to rotate the parts through 360° to achieve full engagementand, subsequently, disengagement. Therefore, it is difficult toinadvertently disengage the two parts. These connectors may beparticularly useful in attaching ceiling roses or other fittings toceilings or walls.

An alternative embodiment to the connectors 810, 910 is shown at 1010 inFIGS. 29 to 31. The connector 1010 is similar to connectors 810, 910 andfeatures which are similar have similar reference numerals, precededwith ‘10’ rather than ‘8’ or ‘9’. The connector 1010 differs from theconnectors 810 and 910 in that the two parts 1012, 1012′ of theconnector 1010 are identical to one another.

Each part 1012, 1012′ has a connecting face which extends substantiallytransversely to a respective longitudinal axis G, G′. Each connectingface includes a respective engagement formation 1014, 1014′ and arespective receiving formation 1016, 1016′. The engagement formation1014 of the first part 1012 is receivable in the receiving formation1016′ of the second part 1012′ and vice versa.

The connector 1010 is ‘hermaphroditic’, and hence is also similar to thefirst connector 10 described above, but each part has only a singleengagement formation 1014, 1014′ and a single receiving formation 1016,1016′, rather than having a plurality of concentric engagementformations and receiving formations.

An advantage of ‘hermaphroditic’ connectors is that only a singlemolding tool is required for manufacture. The single formationembodiment 1010 is relatively simple, and can be used where aparticularly strong connection is not required, for example to connectfabric together, for example in lieu of a button or other fastener inclothing.

A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 32 to 34. Aconnector is shown generally at 1110. The connector 1110 has two parts1112, 1112′, each of which has a respective longitudinal axis H, H′. Thetwo parts 1112, 1112′ are substantially annular.

The first part 1112 includes a connecting face which extends generallytransversely to the longitudinal axis H and includes an engagementformation 1114. The engagement formation 1114 is similar to that of theconnector 910, in that it is substantially annular, and has asubstantially helicoidal upper surface. The engagement formation has afirst end and a second end. The engagement formation 1114 has generallycircular side walls which are curved.

The second part 1112′ also has a connecting face which extends generallytransversely to the longitudinal axis H′. The connecting face of thesecond part 1112′ includes a receiving formation 1116, in which theengagement formation 1114 of the first part 1112 is receivable.

The receiving formation has a substantially helicoidal lower surface, toabut the upper substantially helicoidal surface of the engagementformation 1114 of the first part 1112. The receiving formation of thesecond part is defined by an inner wall 1118 and an outer wall 1120,each of which is substantially annular. Each wall 1118, 1120 has anupper surface which is substantially helicoidal. Each of the inner wall1118 and the outer wall 1120 includes a plurality of circumferentiallyspaced portions 1118 a, 1120 a, the upper surface of each of which issubstantially helicoidal. However, it will be appreciated that the uppersurface of each portion 1118 a, 1120 a may be substantially flat, andgenerally transverse to the respective longitudinal axis H, H′, but adifferent height to adjacent portions 1118 a, 1120 a, such that togetherthe upper surfaces of the portions define a substantially helicoidalupper surface.

Each portion 118, 1120 of each wall 1118, 1120 includes a lip 1118 b,1120 b, which is positioned at an upper end of the respective wall 1118,1120. The lip 1118 b of each portion 1118 a of the wall 1118 extendsgenerally radially outwardly, and the lip 1120 b of each portion 1120 aof the wall 1120 extends generally radially inwardly.

In use, the first part 1112 of the connector 1110 is engageable with thesecond part 1112′ by virtue of a ‘push-fit’, when the axes H, H′ arealigned. Since the walls 1118, 1120 of the second part 1112′ include aplurality of portions, the walls 1118, 1120 are able to flex, and theengagement formation 1114 can be pushed in a generally longitudinaldirection into the receiving formation. Full engagement is achieved whenthe first end of the engagement formation 1114 abuts a first end of thereceiving formation 1116, such that the upper surface of the engagementformation 1114 contacts the lower surface of the receiving formation1116 around the entire circumference of the connector 1110. The lips1118 b, 1120 b of the walls 1118, 1120 engage the curved walls of theengagement formation to inhibit the two parts of the connector 1110being inadvertently pulled apart, or falling apart.

One or both of the parts 1112, 1112′ may be made of an elastomericmaterial to aid the connection of the two parts 1112, 1112′, by makingthe engagement formation 1114 and/or the walls 1118, 1120 flexible.

In order to disengage the two parts 1112, 1112′, the parts 1112, 1112′are rotated relative to one another, through almost 360° such that thefirst end of the engagement formation 1114 is adjacent the second end ofthe receiving formation 1116. This lifts the engagement formation 1114out of the receiving formation 1116 slightly (by an amount which isequivalent to the pitch of the helix), so that the two parts 1112, 1112′can more easily be pulled apart. An advantage of the push-fitarrangement is that an audible indication that engagement has beenachieved is provided.

A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 35 to 37 at1210. The connector 1210 has a first part 1212 and a second part 1212′which are engageable with one another. The two parts 1212, 1212′ haverespective longitudinal axes I, I′.

The first part 1212 has a connecting face which extends generallytransversely relative to the longitudinal axis I. However, theconnecting face of the first part 1212 is substantially frusto-conical.The first part 1212 is the male part of the connector 1210.

The connecting face of the first part 1212 includes a plurality ofengagement formations. In the example shown, the first part includes twoengagement formations 1216, 1217; however, it will be appreciated thatany number of engagement formations may be provided. Each engagementformation 1216, 1217 is substantially annular and includes a pluralityof sectors, in this example, three sectors X, Y, Z. The engagementformations 1216, 1217 are concentric about the longitudinal axis I. Anupper surface of each sector of each engagement formation 1216, 1217 isa partial helicoid. Each engagement formation is substantiallytrapezoidal in cross-section.

The first part 1212 includes a plurality of receiving formations 1218,1219, 1220 which are positioned adjacent the engagement formations 1216,1217. Each receiving formation 1218, 1219, 1220 is substantially annularand includes a plurality of sectors X, Y, Z. A lower surface of eachsector X, Y, Z of each receiving formation is a partial helicoid. Eachreceiving formation 1218, 1219, 1220 is substantially trapezoidal incross section, so as to enable engagement with an engagement formationof the second part 1212′.

The second 1212′ part is not identical to the first part 1212. Thesecond part 1212′ has an inverted substantially frusto-conicalconnecting face which extends generally transversely to the longitudinalaxis F. The second part 1212′ is the female part of the connector 1210.The second part 1212′ includes three engagement formations 1221, 1222,1223, each of which is substantially annular and includes three sectorsX, Y, Z. The engagement formations 1221-1223 of the second part 1212′are engageable with the receiving formations 1218-1220 of the first part1212, and are substantially trapezoidal in cross-section. The secondpart 1212′ also includes two receiving formations 1224, 1225 which areengageable with the engagement formations 1216, 1217 of the first part1212. Each of the receiving formations is substantially annular andincludes three sectors X, Y, Z. Each sector X, Y, Z of each receivingformation 1224, 1225 has a lower surface which is a partial helicoid.

Since the engagement formations 1216, 1217, 1221, 1222, 1223 and thereceiving formations 1218, 1219, 1220, 1224, 1225 of the connector 1210include three sectors, the connector 1210 is a three pick up point, 120°rotation connector 1210. The frusto-conical arrangement of the two parts1212, 1212′ aids initial alignment of the longitudinal axes I, r, andaids engagement of the two parts 1212, 1212′. This type of connector maybe particularly useful in hose connectors or fixings for fence posts,for example, where positioning of the two objects to be connectedtogether is important.

It will be appreciated that the two connecting faces of the respectiveparts 1212, 1212′ may be conical, rather than frusto-conical, and thatany number of engagement formations and receiving formations may beprovided.

A further embodiment of the invention is shown at 1310 in FIGS. 38 to40.

The connector 1310 has two parts 1312, 1312′ which are identical to oneanother. Each part 1312, 1312′ has a respective longitudinal axis J, J′and a connecting face which extends generally transversely relative tothe respective longitudinal axis J, J′. The connector 1310 is similar tothat shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 in that the connector is a 180° rotation,single pick up point connector.

Each part includes a plurality of engagement formations 1316, 1317,1318, 1319, 1320, 1316′, 1317′, 1318′, 1319′, 1320′. Whilst in thepresent example, each part 1312, 1312′ includes five engagementformations, it will be appreciated that any number of engagementformations may be provided as required. Each engagement formation1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ is substantially semi-annular and has a first endand a second end. The first end 1316 a and the second end 1316 b ofengagement formation 1316 are illustrated in FIG. 38. The first end ofeach successive engagement formation 1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ ispositioned adjacent the second end of the adjacent engagement formation1316-1320, 1316′-1320′, and is spaced radially therefrom. Thus, thepositions of the engagement formations 1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ alternatebetween sides of the connecting face of the respective part 1312, 1312′.

Each engagement formation has a substantially helicoidal upper surfacesuch that the first end of each engagement formation 1316-1320,1316′-1320′ extends axially outwardly from a base of the connecting faceof the respective part 1312, 1312′ more than the second end of theengagement formation 1316-1320, 1316′-1320′. Alternatively, it will beappreciated that the base of the connecting face, may he substantiallyhelicoidal, and each engagement formation 1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ may bethe same height along its entire length between the first end and thesecond end, such that the upper surface of the engagement formation issubstantially helicoidal. Each engagement formation describes a partialhelicoid.

Each engagement formation 1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ includes a body 1321,1321′ which extends substantially axially upwardly from the connectingface of the respective part 1312, 1312′. Each body is generallysemi-circular in cross-section. Each engagement formation 1316-1320,1316′-1320 also includes a plurality of projections 1322, 1322′ whichextend radially from an upper part of each body 1321, 1321′. Theprojections 1322, 1322′ are circumferentially spaced along therespective engagement formation 1316-1320, 1316′-1320′. The outermostengagement formation 1316, 1316′ has projections 1322, 1322′ whichextend only radially outwardly from the body 1321, 1321′ of theengagement formation 1316, 1316′ and the innermost engagement formation1320, 1320′ has projections 1322, 1322′ which extend only radiallyinwardly from the body of the engagement formation 1320, 1320′. Theremaining engagement formations 1317-1319, 1317′-1319′ have projectionswhich extend radially outwardly and projections which extend radiallyinwardly, such that each of the engagement formations 1317-1319,1317′-1319 has a T-shaped cross section at each point where theprojections 1322, 1322′ extend from the respective body 1321, 1321′.

In the example shown, the bodies 1321, 1321′ and the projections 1322,1322′ are curved, but it will be appreciated that any shape may beselected as appropriate.

Each part 1312, 1312′ includes a plurality of receiving formations 1323,1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1323′, 1324′, 1325′, 1326′, 1327′. Eachreceiving formation 1323-1327, 1323′-1327 has a first end and a secondend, as illustrated with respect to the receiving formation 1324 of thefirst part 1312 in FIG. 38. Each receiving formation 1323-1327,1323′-1327 is substantially semi-annular and has a substantiallyhelicoidal lower surface, for receiving a corresponding receivingformation of the other part 1312, 1312′ of the connector 1310. The firstend of each receiving formation 1323-1327, 1323′-1327′ is positionedadjacent the second end of an engagement formation 1316-1320,1316′-1320′ which is radially aligned with the receiving formation1323-1327, 1323′-1327′. Thus, considering an annulus of the connectingface, half of the annulus is an engagement formation 1316-1320,1316′-1320′ and the other half of the annulus is a correspondingreceiving formation 1323-1327, 1323′-1327′.

In use, the two parts 1312, 1312′ of the connector 1310 are positionedsuch that their axes J, J′ are aligned. The first end of each engagementformation 1316-1320, 1316′-1320 is positioned adjacent the first end ofthe corresponding receiving formation 1323-1327, 1323′-1327′ of theopposite part 1312, 1312′, and the two parts 1312, 1312′ are rotatedrelative to one another through 180°, until the first end of eachengagement formation 1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ is positionedcircumferentially adjacent the corresponding engagement formation1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ of the opposite part 1312, 1312′ of the connector1310. In this configuration, the two parts 1312, 1312′ are fullyinter-engaged. Since the projections 1322, 1322′ of the engagementformations 1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ are positioned towards an upper end ofthe respective body 1321, 1321′, there is a clearance between anunderside of each projection 1322, 1322′ and the respective connectingface. The radially extending projections 1322, 1322′ of each engagementformation 1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ are able to slide beneath theprojections 1322, 1322′ of the radially adjacent engagement formations1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ of the opposite part 1312, 1312′.

The provision of surfaces which are discontinuous, by virtue of theradially extending projections, enables the material used in themanufacture of such a connector to be reduced, therefore the cost ofproduction and the weight of the connector are both reduced. Theproduction tool required to manufacture such a connector is simpler thanthat required for the other embodiments of the invention, since the toolitself need not be helicoidal. The connecting faces of the connector maybe aesthetically pleasing owing to the configuration of the bodies 1321,1321′ and the projections 1322, 1322′. It is also possible to controlfriction and torque acting between the two parts 1312, 1312′ of theconnector 1310 by virtue of the use of an underside of each engagementformation 1316-1320, 1316′-1320′ as well as the upper surface whichengages the lower surface of the corresponding receiving formation1323-1327, 1323′-1327′.

Such a connector may be particularly useful in hanging pictures,decorations or electrical fittings to upright surfaces, such as walls.

A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 41 to 43. Theconnector 1410 is a 90° rotation connector, but has only a singlepick-up point. A first part 1412 of the connector 1410 has fourengagement formations 1416, 1418, 1420, 1422, which extend upwardly froma connecting face of the first part 1412. Each engagement formation hasa different cross-sectional shape. Engagement formation 1416 issubstantially T-shaped in cross section, engagement formation 1418 issubstantially hexagonal and has an apex on its upper surface, engagementformation 1420 is substantially trapezoidal in cross-section, andengagement formation 1422 is substantially circular in cross section.

A second part 1412′ of the connector 1410 has four correspondingreceiving formations 1424, 1426, 1428, 1430, each of which correspondswith one of the engagement formations 1416, 1418, 1420, 1422 of thefirst part 1412. Since the engagement formations 1416-1422 and thereceiving formations 1424-1430 have corresponding cross sections, it isnot possible to engage the first part 1412 with the second part 1412′unless each engagement formation 1416-1422 is positioned adjacent thecorresponding receiving formation 1424-1430 of the second part 1412′.

It will be appreciated that additional or alternative engagementformations and receiving formations may be provided, and any suitablecross-sectional shape may be provided. Concentric engagement formationsand receiving formations may be provided as required to strengthen theconnection between the parts 1412, 1412′.

This embodiment of the invention may be used as a lock, or as aneducational toy, for example.

The connector may be used as a clamp, wherein an object may be clampedbetween two parts of the connector. For example, a relatively thinmaterial may be inserted between the two parts of the connector, suchthat interengagement of the two parts of the connector is stillpossible.

An example of a clamp is shown in FIG. 44. A clamp 1510 has two parts1512, 1512′. The first part 1512 has an engagement formation 1516including a substantially helicoidal upper surface. The second part1512′ has a receiving formation 1518 for engaging with the engagementformation 1516 of the first part 1512. Each part 1512, 1512′ includes asubstantially annular flange 1520 between which objects may be clamped.For example, the clamp may be used as a paper fastener, with theengagement formation engaging with the receiving formation, throughapertures in the papers to be fastened together, such that the flanges1420 abut the outermost sheets of paper, and hold the papers together.

A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 45. A connector1610 has two parts 1612, 1612′. The first part 1612 has a plurality ofengagement formations and receiving formations, similar to otherembodiments of the invention described above. In addition, the firstpart includes a pair of channels 1618, 1620 each of which extends acrossa connecting face of the first part 1612. Items to be clamped or held inposition, for example electrical cables, are receivable in the channels1618, 1618. The first part 1612 also includes a central spigot 1622which extends along a longitudinal axis K. An aperture 1624 is providedin the spigot 1622, for receiving an item such as an electrical cable.

The second part 1612′ of the connector 1610 has a plurality ofengagement formations and receiving formations which are engageable withthe engagement formations and receiving formations of the first part1612. The second part 1612′ is engageable with the first part 1612 so asto hold items received in the channels 1618, 1620 of the first part inposition. The engagement formations of the second part 1612′ includesgrip portions 1626 on upper surfaces of the engagement formations, togrip the items received in the channels 1618, 1620.

The second part 1612′ includes a central aperture 1628 which extendsalong a substantially longitudinal axis 1628 of the second part 1612′,in which the spigot 1622 of the first part 1612 is receivable.

Each of the first part 1612 and the second part 1612′ includes a pair ofdiametrically opposed gripping formations 1630, which assist manualmanipulation of the two parts 1612, 1612′, particularly for engagementand disengagement of the two parts 1612, 1612′. The gripping formations1630 include indents, and a plurality of ridges which increase frictionbetween each part 1612, 1612′ and a user's hand or a tool which is usedto engage and disengage the two parts 1612, 1612′.

A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 46 and 47. Aconnector 1710 has three parts 1712, 1712′, 1712″. The first part 1712and the third part 1712″ are similar, and both inter-engage with anintermediate part 1712′.

Each of the first part 1712 and third part 1712″ includes a receivingformation 1716, 1716″ which has a substantially helicoidal lowersurface, and is engageable with an engagement formation 1718 of theintermediate part 1712′. The receiving formations 1716, 1716′ extend inopposite directions.

The intermediate part 1712′ has two connecting faces, each of whichextends substantially transversely to a longitudinal axis L′ of theintermediate part 1712′. Each connecting face includes an engagementformation 1718. The intermediate part 1712′ also includes a projection1720 which extends generally radially outwardly from the intermediatepart 1712′.

The first part 1712 and the third part 1712″ are attachable to items tobe connected together. The intermediate part 1712′ is then engageablewith both the first part 1712 and the third part 1712″, by virtue of theengagement formations 1718 engaging with the receiving formations of thefirst part 1712 and the third part 1712″. A user may grasp theprojection 1720 and rotate the intermediate part 1712′ relative to thefirst part 1712 and the third part 1712″, such that the items to whichthe first part 1712 and the third part 1712″ are attached do not have torotate relative to one another to achieve connection of the two items.The fact that the engagement formations 1718 extend in opposite sensesand the receiving formations of the first part 1712 and the third part1712″ extend in opposite senses enables such a connection to occur.

It will be appreciated that the engagement formations 1718 may beprovided on the first part 1712 and the third part 1712″ and thereceiving formations 1716, 1716″ may be provided on the intermediatepart 1712′. Any number of engagement formations and receiving formationsmay be provided, as required.

Each part of each connector may be engageable with a plurality of otherparts. Such a connector is shown in FIG. 48. The connector includes afirst part 1812 which has a receiving formation 1820, as describedabove, and a plurality of secondary parts, 1814, 1816, 1818, eachincluding at least one engagement formation which is engageable with thereceiving part 1820 first part 1812. Each secondary part 1814, 1816,1818 may be substantially arcuate, such that the secondary parts 1814,1816, 1818 are engageable individually with the first part 1812 of theconnector 1810 to complete a full circle. Additionally, oralternatively, each secondary part may be substantially annular, suchthat a plurality of secondary parts may be individually engaged with thefirst part 1812, such that the secondary parts 1814, 1816, 1818 areradially spaced relative to one another.

Alternatively, the connector may include a first part of the connectorwhich has a plurality of engagement formations and receiving formations,as described above, and a plurality of secondary parts, each includingat least one receiving part which is suitable for receiving anengagement formation of the first part. It will be appreciated that anynumber of engagement formations and receiving formations and any numberof secondary parts may be provided.

The engagement formations of a connector may be hollow, such that theend face of the or each engagement formation is an opening, such thatone part of the connector can “self-tap” into a relatively softmaterial, for example plasterboard. Such a connector is shown in FIGS.49 and 50. The connector 1910 includes two parts 1912, 1912′, and issimilar in most respects to the connector 610, except that eachengagement formation of the first part 1912 is substantially hollow.Each engagement formation of the first part 1912 includes a tappingformation 1920 at a first end of the respective engagement formation.Each tapping formation 1920 is preferably a point which is able to diginto a relatively soft material. The engagement formations of the firstpart 1912 are then able to dig into the material, by following thegroove made by the respective tapping formation 1920.

The second part 1912′ is then engageable with the first part 1912, asshown in FIG. 51, by virtue of the engagement formations of each part1912, 1912′ engaging with the corresponding engagement formations andreceiving formations of the other part 1912, 1912′ as described above.

This connector provides a strong connection, as a large surface area ofthe connector is frictionally engaged with the relatively soft material,yet the connector does not penetrate deeply into the material.Furthermore, the connector 1910 does not extend very far, or at all,outwardly from the surface into which it has been inserted.

The connectors 10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1010, 1110,1210, 1310, 1410, 1510, 1610, 1710, 1810, 1910, may be any sizeappropriate to the objects being connected together. The sizes ofconnectors of the kind described herein may range between nanoscale andof the order of meters. Large scale connectors of the kind describedherein may be used in construction of buildings and the like. Wherecertain embodiments of the invention have been described as being usefulfor particular applications, this is not intended to be limiting, sinceany of the embodiments may be used in any application, as is deemedappropriate.

It will be appreciated that full engagement may not be required in allapplications, and that full engagement may be inhibited, as a safetyfeature, or to enable checking of the connection, with full engagementbeing accomplishable by certain trained or qualified personnel, forexample. Use of a specific tool to effect engagement may be necessary.

Each part of each connector 10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 610, 710, 810, 910,1010, 1110, 1210, 1310, 1410, 1510, 1610, 1710, 1810, 1910 may beattachable to an object to be attached to another object. However, oneor both parts of each connector 10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 610, 710, 810,910, 1010, 1110, 1210, 1310, 1410, 1510, 1610, 1710, 1810 1910, may beintegrally formed with an object which is to be connected to anotherobject.

It will be understood that more than one connector may be used, in orderto connect more than two items together, for example to connect togethera plurality of items which overlie one another, so as to “stack” aplurality of items together. The longitudinal axes of the connectors aresubstantially aligned in such an arrangement. The connector 1710 is anexample of a connector which may enable such stacking of items.

The connectors described above and shown in the accompanying drawingshave engagement formations and receiving formations having substantiallyuniform cross-sections. Alternatively, one or more engagement formationsand/or receiving formations may include “cut away” portions, such thatthe cross-section of the engagement formations/receiving formationsvaries along its length. Additionally, or alternatively one or moreengagement formations and/or one or more receiving formations mayinclude a projection or enlarged portion to increase frictionalengagement between two parts of the connector.

In the examples shown and described above, both circumferential walls ofeach engagement formations are engaged by circumferential walls ofadjacent receiving formations of the other part of the connector(although this may not be the case for an innermost or outermostengagement formations). Providing one or more cut away portions in anengagement formation enables the engagement formation to engage only onecircumferential wall of a receiving formation of the other part of theconnector. A cut away portion may extend along part of or the entirelength of an engagement formation.

The examples of the connectors shown permit relative rotation of the twoparts through up to 360°. However, rotation through more than 360° maybe achieved by enabling one or more engagement formations of one or moreparts of the connector to penetrate or dig into an engagement formationof the other part of the connector.

Each part of each connector may be manufactured from any suitablematerial, and each part of each connector may be manufactured from adifferent material. For example, one part of a connector of the typedescribed above may be manufactured from a material which is softer thanthe material from which the other part is made. The softer material(which may, for example, be an elastomeric material) may be pliable, soas to more easily and more closely inter-engage with the other part.

The geometry of each embodiment of the device may be generated by theapplication of a formula:H×S=Pwherein:

-   -   H=the height of the engagement formation (from a base of the        connecting face);    -   S=the number of segments (i.e. a division of 360 degrees); and    -   P=the pitch of the helicoid.

The selection of a particular geometry may be driven by H, S or P.

A base part of each part of each device may be any shape as isappropriate to the application in which the device is to be used. Forexample, the base from which the connecting face of each part extendsmay be flat, frusto-conical, or substantially helicoidal.

It will be appreciated that there are alternative methods for generatingconnector geometries.

The features disclosed in the foregoing description, or the followingclaims, or the accompanying drawings, expressed in their specific formsor in terms of a means for performing the disclosed function, or amethod or process for attaining the disclosed result, as appropriate,may, separately, or in any combination of such features, be utilized forrealizing the invention in diverse forms thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A connector device including a first part and asecond part which are inter-engageable with one another, the first parthaving a first longitudinal axis and a connecting face which extendssubstantially transversely to the first longitudinal axis and includesan engagement formation which extends substantially axially, and thesecond part having a second longitudinal axis and a connecting facewhich extends substantially transversely to the second longitudinal axisand includes a receiving formation which extends substantially axiallyand in which the engagement formation of the first part is receivable,wherein each of the engagement formation and the receiving formationincludes at least one substantially helicoidal and non-spiral surfacewhich extends at least partially around the longitudinal axis of therespective part of the device and which has a first end and a secondend, such that rotation of the two parts relative to one another aboutthe longitudinal axes, when the two parts are substantially co-axiallyaligned, such that the connecting faces of the two parts face oneanother in a substantially axial direction, causes positive engagementof the engagement formation of the first part with the correspondingreceiving formation of the second part, which inhibits relative axialmovement of the first and second parts, wherein each engagementformation includes an inner circumferential wall, and an outercircumferential wall, wherein the inner and outer circumferential wallssubtend an acute angle to an upper surface of the engagement formation,such that when the two parts of the connector are connected together,the engagement formations are dovetailed or tessellated, and wherein thesecond end of each substantially helicoidal and non-spiral surfaceterminates at its first end, or terminates at a first end of another ofsaid at least one substantially helicoidal and non-spiral surface, witha junction there between forming an axially extending end face.
 2. Theconnector device according to claim 1, wherein the first part includes aplurality of engagement formations, each of which includes a surfacewhich is at least partially helicoidal, wherein rotation of the twoparts of the device relative to one another effects substantiallysimultaneous engagement of each of at least two engagement formationswith a corresponding receiving formation.
 3. The connector deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein the second part includes at least oneengagement formation and the first part includes at least one receivingformation in which a corresponding engagement formation of the secondpart is receivable.
 4. The connector device according with claim 1,wherein the or each receiving formation of the first part is a part ofan engagement formation of the first part, and the or each receivingformation of the second part is part of an engagement formation of thesecond part of the device.
 5. The connector device according to claim 1,wherein each part of the device includes multiple pick-up points, suchthat the two parts are orientable in a plurality of initial positionsrelative to one another, to enable relative rotation of the two parts toeffect inter-engagement of the two parts of the device.
 6. The connectordevice according to claim 1, wherein each engagement formation includesa plurality of sectors, each of which includes a substantiallyhelicoidal surface.
 7. The connector device according to claim 1,wherein the angle through which the two parts of the device arerotatable relative to one another to inter-engage the two parts is lessthan or equal to 360 degrees.
 8. The connector device according to claim7, wherein the angle through which the two parts of the device arerotatable relative to one another, to inter-engage the two parts is lessthan or equal to 180 degrees.
 9. The connector device according to claim8, wherein the angle through which the two parts of the device arerotatable relative to one another, to inter-engage the two parts is lessthan or equal to 90 degrees.
 10. The connector device according to claim1, wherein a distance moved by the two parts of the device relative toone another in a direction which is substantially parallel with thelongitudinal axes during the engagement of the or each engagementformations of the first part with the or each corresponding receivingformation of the second part is less than or equal to a longitudinaldistance between an upper part of the substantially helicoidal surfaceof at least one of the engagement formations, at the first end of thehelicoidal surface, and an upper part of the same helicoidal surface atthe second end thereof.
 11. The connector device according to claim 1,wherein each part includes an electrically conductive element, theelectrically conductive elements of the two parts being in contact withone another when the two parts of the device are connected together. 12.The connector device according to claim 1, wherein each part includes anelectrically conductive element, the electrically conductive elements ofthe two parts being connectable to one another when the two parts areconnected together.
 13. The connector device according to claim 1,wherein at least one of the first part and the second part is integralwith an item which is to be attached to another item.
 14. The connectordevice according to claim 1, including a locking formation for lockingthe two parts in engagement with one another.
 15. The connector deviceaccording to claim 1, including a locking device which is engageablewith at least one of the parts of the device, to lock the parts of thedevice is engagement with one another.
 16. A connector device includinga first part and a second part which are inter-engageable with oneanother, the first part having a first longitudinal axis and aconnecting face which extends substantially transversely to the firstlongitudinal axis and includes at least one engagement formation whichextends substantially axially and which is connected along its length tothe connecting face, and the second part having a second longitudinalaxis and a connecting face which extends substantially transversely tothe second longitudinal axis and includes at least one receivingformation which extends substantially axially, wherein the or arespective one of the engagement formations is receivable in the or arespective one of the receiving formations, wherein each of the at leastone engagement formation and the at least one receiving formationincludes a substantially helicoidal and non-spiral surface which extendsat least partially around the longitudinal axis of the respective partof the device, and wherein each of the at least one engagement formationand each of the at least one receiving formation has a head portion anda tail portion, and wherein the head portion of the at least oneengagement formation abuts the tail portion of the or an adjacentengagement formation and the head portion of the at least one receivingformation abuts the tail portion of the or an adjacent receivingformation, and wherein the each of the at least one engagement formationand the at least one receiving formation forms an arc of a circle whenprojected onto a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the respectivepart of the device, wherein rotation of the two parts relative to oneanother about the longitudinal axes, when the two parts aresubstantially co-axially aligned, such that the connecting faces of thetwo parts face one another in a substantially axial direction, causespositive engagement of the at least one engagement formation of thefirst part with the corresponding at least one receiving formation ofthe second part, which inhibits relative axial movement of the first andsecond parts; and wherein the second end of each substantiallyhelicoidal and non-spiral surface terminates at its first end, orterminates at a first end of another of said at least one substantiallyhelicoidal and non-spiral surface, with a junction there between formingan axially extending end face.
 17. A connector device including a firstpart and a second part which are inter-engageable with one another, thefirst part having a first longitudinal axis and a connecting face whichextends substantially transversely to the first longitudinal axis andincludes a plurality of engagement formations connected along theirlengths to the connecting face and a plurality of receiving formationseach of which extends substantially axially, and the second part havinga second longitudinal axis and a connecting face which extendssubstantially transversely to the second longitudinal axis and includesa plurality of engagement formations and a plurality of receivingformations each of which extends substantially axially and wherein theengagement formations of the first part are receivable in the receivingformations of the second part and wherein the engagement formations ofthe second part are receivable in the receiving formations of the firstpart, wherein each of the engagement formations and the receivingformations includes a substantially helicoidal and non-spiral surfacewhich extends at least partially around the longitudinal axis of therespective part of the device, and wherein the each of the engagementformations and the receiving formations forms an arc of a circle whenprojected onto a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the respectivepart of the device, wherein for each part of the connector device theengagement formations alternate in position with the receivingformations, wherein rotation of the two parts relative to one anotherabout the longitudinal axes, when the two parts are substantiallyco-axially aligned, such that the connecting faces of the two parts faceone another in a substantially axial direction, causes positiveengagement of the engagement formation of the first part with thecorresponding receiving formation of the second part, which inhibitsrelative axial movement of the first and second parts; and wherein thesecond end of each substantially helicoidal and non-spiral surfaceterminates at its first end, or terminates at a first end of another ofsaid at least one substantially helicoidal and non-spiral surface, witha junction there between forming an axially extending end face.